The Right to Education Act to impart free and compulsory education to children aged between 6 and 14 is just the first step.

The U.S. and India face some common concerns too. There is no education ministry in either of the nations and both have a decentralised system of education. This results in a sluggish pace of positive changes and implementation of schemes. However, neighbour Sri Lanka structured teacher appraisal system in its reforms in the 1990s.

There is no denying that great teachers create great value. According to a study by economists at Harvard and Columbia Universities, a good IV grade teacher makes a student 1.25 per cent more likely to go to college, and 1.25 percent less likely to be a teenager mother. As an adult, each student will earn on an average USD 25,000 more over a lifetime. On the contrary, a really poor teacher can have an impact that can be equated with a child missing 40 per cent of the school year. The study, which involved a database of one million students, also shows that parents should pay a bad teacher to retire to avoid the long-term damage to students.

Performance-linked incentive system has been a discussion issue in India too. So, should teachers be incentivised on the basis of their performance? Is it correct to hold teachers accountable for their students’ performance? And most importantly, do we have a flawless system to measure it? A random evaluation of an incentive programme implemented across government-run primary schools in rural Andhra Pradesh, which provided bonus to teachers based on average improvement of their students’ test scores in independently administered learning assessments (with a mean bonus of 3 per cent of annual pay), showed that after two years students in incentive schools performed better than those in schools with no such incentives by 0.28 and 0.16 standard deviations in math and language tests, respectively. It was found that there was an actual increase in learning outcomes and such schools also performed better in subjects for which there were no incentives. However, till date, the empirical data in India is limited and mixed. Click here to read more...

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